by Sasyl

The LML Group Hong Kong Opinion on Investing in times of Disasters and Shortages

A sad fact brought up by disasters such as the BP oil spill is that investing in shortages can be profitable. The ongoing news story in the Gulf of Mexico is the difficulty that teams of experts had in shutting off the oil spill.

Commentators go on about how the government may well increase regulations of offshore drilling and how the disaster will certainly drive down the price of BP stock or even spell the end of the company. Obviously not the case and never will this cause the end to BP  with a 40% gain in BP’s stock over a 2 week period proved that , not to mention having a trillion dollars in oil reserves guarantees BP’s future.

The background story to this drama is that pretty much all of the easy ways to find oil in the world have been found. Investing in shortages is what Exxon and BP and others do when they drill in deep water and invest billions of dollars exploring in politically unstable third world countries. When considering whether oil companies will succumb because of these disasters investors should consider energy alternatives when investing in oil and how deep they have to mine when investing in gold in the world of investing in shortages.

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The world of investing in shortages is certainly not limited to oil. Uranium could be in scarce supply if the difficulties in drilling for oil drive countries back to nuclear power. Uranium investing can include mining stocks or uranium processing companies. Investing in shortages of energy can involve investing in companies like Westinghouse, one of the few companies able to design, build, and maintain nuclear power plants. Successful stock investing has to do with anticipating how one set of changes in the world will make something else more profitable and to what degree.

A quick means of finding profits in an upswing of uranium usage is to look for which companies have the largest proven reserves. Cameco, a Canadian company, is the world’s largest uranium producer, providing roughly a fifth of the current need. This company has proven and probable uranium reserves of 500 million pounds. The point of this is not to invest, for example, in Cameco or sell BP. Finding a winner in the world of investing in shortages will mean determining the shortage, looking at solutions, and finding out who can most profitably address the problem.

In a world where most of the surface is covered with water only three percent of that water is fresh water. Furthermore much of the fresh water is polluted and fresh water is unevenly distributed throughout the land masses of the earth. China, for example, has about as much fresh water as Canada and a hundred times as many people. These facts make fresh water a valuable commodity in a world of investing in shortages. Desalinization plants, filtration plants, and water purification plants have become profitable ventures often out performing broad investment categories. Not only is clean water a sellable commodity in high population countries such as China and India but also in the dry states of the Southwestern USA and oil rich nations of the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia has estimated that it will spend 0 Billion on desalinization projects in the coming years. Fundamental analysis of how much countries in the middle east are willing to spend and who will provide the technology, building expertise, and know-how for maintenance will give those investing in shortages a head start on knowing where to invest.

by roplant

Solar Water Heaters Save Energy, Make Them Save Water Too!

Obviously solar water heaters do save energy.  Or at least they don’t use energy that you have to pay for. It’s free from the sun.  But what about saving water?  Saving water is becoming more and more important and will continue to become even more important in the future.

We already have to desalinate sea water in many parts of the world and even in the U.S. to provide the ever increasing amount of water required for our growing populations. Wells are going dry, glaciers are disappearing and clean potable water is becoming ever scarcer.

Most homes waste a lot of hot water.  Whenever you run water down the tap waiting for your hot water to arrive at the fixture you are wasting water. Not only that, but your wasting energy and increasing your carbon foot print at the same time by virtue of running water into the sewer system which then has to treat it.  Treating sewage consumes energy and contributes to greenhouse gas releases.

Long hot water pipes are the bad guy here.  If the water heater was right next to the fixture there would be little if any wasted water. This is difficult with a solar water heater. The longer the pipes the worse the problem.

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There is a simple solution to the problem… a hot water demand system.  A hot water demand system is a pumping system that pumps the hot water out of your water heater and to your fixtures whenever you demand hot water.  It does this without running water down the drain.  Your hot water arrives more quickly saving you time, and nothing gets run down the drain saving you a lot of water and reducing your carbon footprint.

Hot water demand systems are inexpensive and do not require any additional plumbing.  A small pump install under your fixture at the furthest fixture from the water heater.  Some models can be installed using just supply hoses so you don’t even have to turn of the water to your house, just turn off the supply valves under the sink to do the installation.  You do need an electrical outlet installed if there isn’t already one there.

The water savings from a home equipped with a hot water demand system ranges from about 10,000 gallons per year to as much as 16,000 gallons per year for a family of four. Last time I checked there were about 55 million single family homes in the US.  So if we just look at single family homes and not at things like condos and apartments, and we assume a savings of 10,000 gallons per year, it would total a staggering Five hundred and fifty billion (550,000,000,000) gallons of water per year.

Demand systems after all, don’t have to be restricted to solar water heaters, they work with any kind of water heater.  The demand systems are directed at the hot water distribution piping, and the kind of water heater being used doesn’t make any difference.

Whether you have a solar water heater, tankless water heater, electric water heater or any other kind a hot water demand system will save you time water and money.  Turn your solar hot water heater green, and reduce your carbon footprint. 

Every time you use your hot water you will feel good about not wasting all the water!

Commercial shown on Israeli TV urging Israeli to save water. Israel faces a shortage of drinking water.

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by roplant

A call to action

It is just before dawn. The raft has rotated on its mooring and aligned to the new direction of the tidal flow. The hydro generator has just come on-line again, and its low whine pervades the silence of the surrounding area. Nothing stirs, no fish nor bird, in this barren landscape. The surrounding waters are dead, rank with the accumulation of salts, minerals and the rotting remains of the life forms, that had been so abundant here. The sun raises, and heralds another day of relentless heat. The air-conditioning struggles in a vain, to achieve equilibrium, and the desalination plant begins the daily task of watering the plants growing in the green house, which pervades much of the area of this small floating kingdom. The man sitting on the porch, faces the coming dawn, but the empty sockets perceive non of this. It was a brave effort, born of necessity, but doomed to failure. Earth spins on though time and space, silent now, perhaps to awaken again, perhaps not.

This is a bleak picture, remotely possible, but unlikely in the light of day, you may think. Our good natured planet ‘Mother Earth’ has withstood, and tolerated all manner of abuse within the period of human history. She was tempered and prepared over millions of years and presented to us in good order. Successive climatic cycles have established a richness within the soil, and a goodness and purity within the atmosphere. Five cycles in all have established these conditions. Growth and decay within the temperate periods, have resulted in a richness of deposits, and a clarification of the atmosphere. The glacial periods have served to further consolidate and enrich this eco-structure. Free water has formed into oceans, saline and healing, maintaining the environment. Vast forests enrich the air that we breath.  Temperate and intemperate regions co-operate to produce the rich and variable patterns of weather that we experience, and the ocean currents that bath our shores.
It is excusable that we should have developed our industrial processes without due care, in the past. What is inexcusable, is that we should continue to employ such practises, in the light of our current understand. We are wise enough, and technically capable of avoiding the worst consequences of our actions, and yet, seem unable to modify our behaviour in  favour of our home planets’ well-being. The seas are being polluted by an insatiable demand for oil. The excuse; the global economies will collapse without it., and yet we have the ability to generate from tidal streams, wind, and solar sources. We need to be prepared to innovate and develop these resources to the point where they become viable alternatives. In the meantime we have nuclear power to support the industrial base required to get the job done. Let us hope that for all of our sakes, good common sense will prevail.

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by Sasyl

Chemplast Sanmar: Environment-Friendly Manufacturing

Chemplast Sanmar, The flagship company of The Sanmar Group is the leading manufacturer of PVC & Chlorochemicals in India. The group that has businesses in engineering, metals and shipping besides chemicals, has the philosophy of “Integrity and Excellence” in all its work.

The company has installed Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) facilities at its Mettur plant at an investment of Rs.27 crores. In Cuddalore and Karaikal the ZLD is installed since inception. The plants completely recycle and reuse liquid effluents. The Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) facility involves significant recurring revenue outgo that the company has committed in order to protect the environment. This Zero Liquid Discharge facility ensures that no treated effluent from the plant operations will be discharged onto land or sea.

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It is the first chemical industry to achieve 100% ZLD from September 2009.Chemplast Sanmar has also converted its manufacturing process from Mercury cell to environment friendly Membrane cell process for producing Caustic Soda, well ahead of the mandated time period at an investment of approximately of Rs. 80 crores.

The Sanmar Group takes care of not just pollution but also considers water conservation. In line with the water conservation efforts, all coastal plants do not draw any water from the ground but use desalination technology. Even in Cuddalore, where an aquifer runs just three metres below the surface the entire water requirements are met by a sea water desalination plant set up at an investment of Rs. 20 crores.

The Zero Liquid Discharge initiative and its water policies won two awards for Chemplast at the 7th National Award for Excellence in Water Management organized by the CII in December 2010.  “We have always believed in investing in the best available technology at any point of time. Technology is particularly important for environment management,” says Mr N Sankar, Chairman The Sanmar Group. “With the unique situation of working with an over 70-year-old plant, such as in Mettur we needed to look at new and innovative methods to ensure that we do not discharge a single drop of treated effluent from our plants. These awards are a recognition of team work but most of all an appreciation of our social commitment.”

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by Sasyl

Forsta Filters Announces Self-Cleaning Screen Filters in Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) patent Pending

Forsta Filters’ exciting new FRP Series offers an ideal solution for corrosion resistance in brackish, brine and seawater filtration applications. All wetted components of the FRP Series self-cleaning filters are constructed from seawater-resistant plastic and other high alloy materials, making it the only one of its kind.  The FRP Series filters can withstand pressures up to 150 psi and feature all the same great benefits of Forsta Filters’ stainless steel self-cleaning water filters.

Forsta’s FRP Series self-cleaning water filters are available with an on-line, or in-line flange configuration to accommodate simple installation, and easily integrate with any pipeline.  A two-stage screening process distinguishes the FRP Series filters. A coarse screen is responsible for straining out large debris from the water source, and the fine screen purifies water to the designated micron rating.  As with all Forsta self-cleaning filters, the FRP filter’s short backwash cycle never interrupts the main system flow.

FRP Series Filter Characteristics:

Flow Rate: 15-20,000 gpm

Flush cycle duration: 6 – 12 seconds

Flush valve size: single 1″ or a single 2″

Screen opening: 5µ – 4000µ

Temperature: 210ºF

Flush Volume: 2- 50 gallons per backwash

Working pressure: 35- 150 psi

As fresh water scarcity threatens the globe, the need to provide clean water for the world’s growing population increases. One solution to the problem of water scarcity is to derive fresh water from salt water sources. Desalination describes any process that removes excess salt and other minerals from water. Often the goal of desalination is to make fresh water available for human consumption or irrigation.

Forsta industrial water filters provide a vital tool for solid removal from seawater. Desalination plants also utilize Forsta industrial water filtration systems in such applications as reverse osmosis pre-filtration, process water filtration, and cooling. Desalination plants using multi-stage flash distillation, vacuum distillation, and reverse osmosis technology (RO) all benefit from Forsta industrial water filtration systems.

Forsta self-cleaning industrial water filters extend the life and improve the performance of RO systems by removing particles such as sand, silt, and other suspended solids. Our self-cleaning water filters also reduce the particulate load entering the RO filter so that the membrane can perform at its optimal output.

BASS Coast Shire called for the Government to consider building its desalination plant somewhere other than Wonthaggi, The Government allways intended to build the desal plant, regardless of the possible environmental impacts, The Powlett River flows into Bass Strait The Victorian public deserves to know why the Victorian Government did not carry out a proper Environmental Effects Statement (EES). The Effects Statement (EES), with the decision being referred to planning minister Justin Madden former Australian rules footballer. Federal Minister for Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts approves project under EPBC Act , Minister Peter Garrett former Rock star

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Clyde Pumps Incorporating Weir Pumps Glasgow : Single & Two Stage Pumps

Clyde Pumps Ltd (www.clydepumps.com) incorporating WEIR PUMPS Glasgow is a centre of excellence in Pump Technology, Hydraulic Design and Engineering. Clyde pumps are manufacturers of centrifugal pump, water pump, pump spares, high pressure pump, condensate pump, barrel pump, boiler feed pump, split case pump. Clyde pumps are one of the best pump manufacturer of UK.

Single & Two Stage Pumps:-

(Isoglide Pumps)

The Clyde Pumps (www.clydepumps.com) Isoglide range of end suction pumps complies with international standard ISO 2858. Isoglide pumps are available in a wide range of materials with various seal options, and are suitable for handling corrosive and non-corrosive liquids in a variety of applications.

The modular design of this range ensures minimal spares holding and optimum delivery times can be achieved. Key Applications are

* Air conditioning

* Food and drink manufacture

* Heavy and light industries

* General industrial utility

* Refrigeration

* Utility duties for process industries

* Water distribution / supply / treatment

(Aquaglide Pumps)

The Aquaglide range of high efficiency large end suction pumps has been developed for high capacity water pumping applications. A range of material and coating options is available catering for non-corrosive and corrosive applications including seawater.

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The Aquaglide range covers duties from 250 m3/hr to 10,000 m3/hr. Larger duties are covered by our engineered range (please contact our marketing department for further details). For lower flow duties please refer to the Isoglide range of medium end suction pumps. Key Applications are

* Irrigation

* De-watering

* Power/cogeneration

* Desalination

* Mining

* Metal manufacturing

* Petrochemical

* General industrial utility

* Water distribution / supply / treatment

(Uniglide Pumps)

The Uniglide range is a new generation of axially split double entry pumps. This new range has been developed by Clyde Pumps (www.clydepumps.com) following an extensive consultation of major users.

It is available in two configurations, the Uniglide-E a coated pump for water applications that offers enhanced efficiency and un-coated as a Uniglide-I for industrial applications. Key Applications are

* Utility duties for process industries

* Power industry utility processes

* Oil industry utility and process

* Water distribution / supply / treatment

(Duoglide Pumps)

The Duoglide range is a new generation of axially split single entry two stage pumps. This new range has been developed by Clyde Pumps (www.clydepumps.com) following extensive consultations with major users. Key Applications are

* Utility duties for process industries

* Power industry utility processes

* Oil industry utility and process

* Water distribution / supply / treatment

(Lynavane Pumps)

This Vertical In-Line heavy duty, single stage centrifugal pump is designed and manufactured according to API 610 latest edition standards (ISO 13709).

The machined and computer designed diffuser optimises performance and efficiency at rated duty point, also eliminating radial forces on the shaft and minimises vibration levels leading to trouble-free operation and reduction of maintenance costs. Key Applications are

* Refinery process

* Petrochemical process

* Hydrocarbon transfer / feeding

* Fuel transfer

* Jetty loading

* Booster pumps

* Lube oil pumps

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by roplant

Using Alternative Energy Extracted From the Oceans

The OTEC association, standing for the conversion of ocean thermal energy, was founded by French engineer called Jacques D’Arsonval back in 1881. The only remaining plant that is still a member of the OTEC is based in Hawaii and represented a natural energy laboratory. OTEC represents a source that can produce alternative energy which is currently, however, underrated and unexploited. The thing that stands in the way of the popularization of the OTEC is that it costs too much at this point for many to afford it. It is thus difficult, to keep costs down to some level because processes affected the OTEC, rendering inefficient. Thermal energy derived from the ocean needs to be cleansed and treated of any remains and then it can be utilized in the air. It is also fairly important that the water coming from the oceans is not polluted, since otherwise, you would risk to fail completely in the transformation. Therefore, one needs to pay careful attention when utilizing the OTEC at any point.

To begin with, you should know that there are three types of OTEC.

The first one is Closed Cycle OTEC which uses a liquid with low boiling points; one such liquid is propane which is an intermediate fluid. OTEC plants pump water which is warm into reaction chambers which boil the water and use the intermediate fluid you have already chosen. This means that the vapor pushes the turbine into the engine and generates electricity. As a consequence, the vapor is cooled and then is used into cold water coming from the sea.

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The second types is the Open Cycle OTEC, which does not differ from the closed method to a large extent. In here, you use no intermediate fluid and you use the sea water to drive the engine across. In this format, the sea water that is located on the surface ocean becomes transformed in low pressure vapors, under the action of a vacuum. Then, the vapor that was produced, which is , keep in mind, low pressure, is released in another container and it thus located in that it is capable to power the turbine. Then, you need to cool the vapor and also, to produce water with no remnants of salt from the ocean in it. After you do that, the water coming from the deeper parts of the ocean will be added to vapors, and then it becomes capable to generate electricity.

The last technique is called “Hybrid Cycle”, but this technique is for the moment, not implemented. It describes an optimal approach you could use thermal energy at the maximum from the waters of the ocean. There exist two theories concerning the hybrid cycling. As a consequence, the first means using the closed cycling operation to generate electricity. Thus, the amount of electricity is then used to establish the cleaning environment that you will need for open cycling. Therefore, the electricity that you produce this way will be used to integrate the open cycling together. You then produce double the amount of water that was desalinated.

Besides the fact of using OTEC to produce electricity, the plant with OTEC has a closed cycle, which can be utilized to treat chemicals. The OTEC plants, are capable of pumping cold water coming from the sea and then use it for further purposes : refrigeration or air conditioning. While under moderation in which the sea water surrounds the plant, what you obtain from the process can be reused in aquaculture crops, for instance in fish farming.

If you know how to exploit the opportunities you have, you will find that there are numerous uses to the services and the products derived from this alternative to energy production.

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by Takver

High speed fiber ball filter applications – Fiber Ball Filter – Filtration and Separation Industry

Abstract: This paper describes the characteristics of the filter fiber ball, working principle and its water desalination plant in the Application.

Modern large-scale water desalination plant, in order to take full advantage of a desalination Yang resin exchange capacity, we must control access to a cation exchanger content of suspended solids in raw water, or less than 2mg / L. Lanzhou Petrochemical Company desalination water plant is a factory blue Ethylene Expansion Project in supporting the project. The process of water process control automation using PLC. The device was put into operation the first quarter of 1996, has been running six years, the indicators are in line with the design requirements. This raw water pretreatment system for its fiber filters for the ball to introduce.

1 Equipment Selection Water desalination plant in the raw water taken from the Yellow River Water filtered water supplied by the clarification. Water pressure 0.3 ~ 0.4MPa (G), the normal content of suspended solids in raw water was about 5mg / L, the flood season up to 8mg / L or more, for the protection of Yang resin is not contaminated raw water into a desalination cation exchanger must be preprocessed before, so that suspended solids content of less than 2mg / L.

Raw water pretreatment plant production capacity of normal water to 310t / h, a maximum of 360t / h. Pretreatment equipment is used conventional mechanical filter, or use a newly developed fiber ball filter, all parties participating in the construction of great concern.

Fiber ball filter is developed by Tsinghua University, the early 90s a new water filter. The main advantage of filter raw water through filters to filter the high speed, the best filtration rate 25 ~ 30m / h, when the filtration velocity of 30m / h, can ensure a stable water quality. Treatment of water, 360t / h, if the election towel 3m filter, which sets the number of 2 units.

Limited land under this project (mechanical filter needs 5 sets), the investment characteristics of tension, although the lack of towel 3m fiber ball filter some of the operational data, but can draw on existing domestic towel filter relevant experience 2m then take some appropriate measures, should meet the needs of this project. Therefore chose 3m in diameter with two fiber ball filter to run parallel programs.

2 fiber ball filter characteristics and working principle

Fiber ball filter body fills a height of about 1.2m of polyester fiber ball as filters, filter the raw water from the upper part of the equipment, the water particles through the filter layer, jelly and other suspended material retained on the filter layer in the upper by the filter layer from the bottom out of the effluent suspended solids less than 2mg / L, in order to ensure a stable operation of desalination water plant.

Polyester fiber ball filter has good flexibility, density, compressibility and porosity, the characteristics of the filtration by the working pressure, the upper cut-off filter mud and weight of white, forming a layer of Panasonic dense distribution of the ideal filter state, fiber ball with its great surface area and porosity than the absorption and retention of suspended particles in water, give full play to the ability to filter sewage interception deep; for easy backwashing, so low since the water; also resistant to abrasion, chemical stability strong advantage; when the filter media by serious organic pollution, but also easy to use chemical cleaning of regeneration. Fiber Ball Filters work steps into normal production of water and backwashing, bulk flow chart shown in Figure 1.

2.1 normal water production process

Open water control valve XV. XV 3601 and a 3602 water control valve, other control valves are turned off; XV. 3601 The opening is set water pressure (PIS8001) value determined. Set the water to drive debugging pressure 0.33MPa (G); water control valve XV. 3602 The opening of water flow from the production (FIQ813) determined. To avoid too high filtration rate caused by transmission through the filter occurs, causing decreased water quality, filtration rate should be controlled to maintain security and stability of long-cycle production, the maximum filtration rate of not more than 30m / h better.

Line determination of the water as suspended solids content of the more difficult, according to the import and export filters filter water pressure as the upper layer of retained material increases gradually increasing the characteristics of the corresponding water content of suspended solids with pressure drop increased by more than a small change; weekly initial pressure of running for the 0.02MPa, when the pressure increased to 0.15MPa, the measured water content of suspended matter 2mg / L, for this to determine the water pressure out of reach 0 .14 MPa, the filter automatically stops water production, and into the backwash process.

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by Ibrahim Asad’s PHotography

Mbr: Representation Clear Water Qingbo Direct Reuse

Shortage of freshwater resources, while restricting China’s economic development, a large number of untreated Sewage Emissions Environment Also presented a great challenge. Water treatment technology in general can only be achieved in the water discharge standard, and one-step integration of membrane bioreactor equipment, not only from a sewage treatment to the reclaimed water changes, and cost less than Desalination And South. It allows treatment to improve the water environment is not only a Environmental protection Industry, will be to provide clean water for industry. This low energy consumption of membrane – water resource bioreactor new technology and engineering has thus been a National Science and Technology Progress Award.

Membrane separation technology that will combine with the new bio-technology wastewater treatment effluent quality is good, covers an area of provincial and stable operation, is most concerned about water resources in recent years of technologies. Application of membrane bioreactor technology can make major pollutants in wastewater removal rate above 90% water without suspended solids, turbidity is close to zero, the water quality good and stable, can be directly reused.

Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ecological Environment Research Center, Tongji University and the Beijing Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in the clean water source “863″ and so the support, after years of joint research, to achieve the film – bioreactor technology, engineering . The project was developed with independent intellectual property rights of three low-power film – bioreactor (bed type, split type air-lift loop, flat plate) and three different forms Membrane Unit.

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With the existing membrane – bioreactor compared to low energy membrane – membrane bioreactor operating flux increased significantly, reaching the international advanced level of well-known enterprises. In addition, the researchers also developed a series of membrane fouling control technology: proposed economic aeration and sub-critical flux operation mode of the membrane in different forms – in both the bioreactor was well applied, can effectively control the membrane surface sludge deposition; developed a dosing Coagulant And oxidant mixture of regulation and control of membrane filtration technology to extend the operation period film 2 to 4 times; developed two kinds of automation suitable for different size and degree of membrane fouling-line chemical cleaning mode, and has been applied in practical engineering.

For urban sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal, residential sewage and bath wastewater reuse, and printing and dyeing wastewater treatment hospital, tobacco and other industrial wastewater treatment and reuse, such different requirements, the researchers developed different film – combination of bioreactor technology can meet a variety of wastewater treatment or recycling goals. Compared with conventional activated sludge, COD removal 90%, COD loading rate increased 3 to 5 times, the area down to 1 / 5 ~ 1 / 3.

As the technology matures, the project is accelerating the industrialization process, the product price declines, applications have been extended, the old “aristocratic” products should be a “fly into the homes of ordinary people.” The world’s largest membrane bioreactor net water Chemical industry Cheng in Beijing Wenyu River Water Utilization Project of Shunyi New City (10 tons / day) was applied, but also opened the film treatment of municipal wastewater and sewage situation. It is understood that the first daily treatment in Asia for more than 10,000 tons of large-scale municipal wastewater membrane bioreactor engineering Beijing Miyun water recycling plant (4.5 tons / day), conciliatory recycling plant (35,000 tons / day) sewage treatment plant in Wuxi Shuofang (20,000 tons / day) and many other large-scale water resource project has successfully applied the results.

Present, the discussion group has been authorized 17 national invention patents, research results in a large Urban sewage treatment , Residential sewage, hospital sewage and industrial wastewater treatment and reuse has been a large-scale promotion and application of total treated water volume at the end of 2008 more than 230,000 cubic meters / day.

Technobell is one of the leading suppliers of GRP Pipe Production Equipments and technology. As reference we supplied Machinery and Know-How to countries as , Brazil,Libya, China, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Russia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. The CFW Machine or continuous filament winding is designed for continuous production of GRP pipes. Field of application for GRP pipes are Water Distribution, Water Transmission, Potable Water, Geothermal Water, Desalination Plants, Seawater intake and Outfalls, Sanitary Sewers, Irrigation, Oil fields, Ships, Chemical Process, Power Plant Cooling and raw water Supply. GRP Pipes have advantages as High Mechanical Resistance Corrosion Resistance Smoothness of the internal wall Very long Life, Virtually infinite Low weight of pipes Long pipe sections Possibility of nesting in transport Workability of the material on site www.technobell.info